Which of the following are used in gene cloning  

 Gel electrophoresis is used for ____

 Restriction endonucleases are used in ____

 Name the compound used for staining the solated DNA in the get electropheresis ____

 Observe the relationship between the first two terms and fill up the blanks
a. E.coli : Col E₁
Agrobacterium : ____

 PCR is just like a photo copying document, Name the commonly used DNA polymerase for PCR

 EcoR1 is a common example of ____

 Morpholegically and genetically similar ,individuals are called _____  

 Choose the correctly matched pairs

 The gene responsible for starting of repleation _____

 Expand PAGE

 Match the following:  

 Figure given below is a nucleotide sequence coding for a particular protein  

a. Identify the restriction site.  
b. Name the enzyme used to cut this sequence. 
c. Can you join these fragments of DNA? If so, how?  

 Biotechnology contributed a lot to promote human welfare. But it is misused to increase human sufferings.
1. Do you agree to this? 
2. Substantiate your answer by giving two examples each for two cases. 

 Mention the difference between simple stirred tank bioreactor and sparged stirred-tank bioreactor? What is its advantage? 

 The palindrome is a group of letters that reads the same forwards and backwards.
1. Give one example. 
2. What is palindromic nucleotide sequence?  

 Electrophoresis is the migration of charged particles in solution under the influence of an electric field.
1. Who developed this technique?  
2. Name the supporting media in AGE and PAGE.  

Question 8.
PCR is just like a photocopying document.
1. Name the commonly used DNA polymerase for PCR. 
2. What is primer extension?  

 The ultimate aim of recombinant biotechnology is to produce a desired protein useful to humans.
1. What is recombinant protein?  
2. Write the name of any 2 recombinant proteins and their therapeutic uses.  

 You have chosen a plasmid a vector for cloning your gene. However this vector plasmid lacks a selectable marker. How would it affect your experiment?  

 Besides better aeration and mixing properties, what other advantages to stirred tank, bioreactors have over shake flasks?  

 Can you think and answer how a reporter enzyme can be used to monitor transformation of host cells by foreign DNA in addition to a selectable market? 

 Describe briefly the following:  
1. Origin of replication
2. Bioreactors
3. Downstream processing

 Observe the following figure and answer the questions.

1. Write 2 selectable marker genes in pBR 322.  
2. What is selectable marker?  
3. Write the function of rop. 

 ‘One of the limitation of traditional hybridization is that it leads to inclusion and multiplication of undesirable genes along with the desired genes’. How does genetic engineering help to overcome these limitations?

 Which among the following is the first discovered of Restriction Endonuclease?

 Observe the following illustration and find out the enzymes which are denoted as A and B

 In gel electrophoresis, we cannot see pure DNA fragments in visible light and without staining. Explain how is it possible to visualise the DNA fragments?

 Match the following columns A and B suitably

 Final step of gel electrophoresis is the extraction of DNA molecules from the gel. What is this process called?

 Given below is the diagram of a cloning vector.

1. Identify the vector.
2. What do ampR and tetR stand for?

 Which among the following is not a gene transfer method?

 Cloning vector suitable for gene transfer in plants is

 Restriction Endonucleases cut DNA at specific locations by breaking ___

 Downstream processing is the final step in the process of recombinant DNA technology. What do you understand by ‘downstream processing’?

 Each restriction endonuclease recognizes a .specific palindromic nucleotide sequence in the DNA.
1. What is a palindrome?
2. Give one example.

 Selectable markers help us in identifying and eliminating non transformed cells during gene cloning. Explain how the gene for a – galactosidase enzyme works as selectable marker?

 Multiple copies of the gene of interest in synthesized in vitro using DNA polymerase enzyme.
1. Which are the three steps of the above process?
2. Find out the DNA polymerase enzyme used here.

 Bioreactors help for the large scale production of recombinant proteins.
1. Which are the two commonly used bioreactor?
2. What is the purpose of stirring mechanism in a bioreactor?

 We can produce multiple copies of gene of interest through a process.
1. Identify the process.
2. How can we achieve gene amplification by this method?

 Restriction Endonucleases are enzymes responsible for cutting of DNA molecule. Eco Rl is a common example.

1. How the name Eco Rl is derived?
2. Write the palindromic sequence of Eco Rl.

 Given below is the diagram of a cloning vector. Observe the diagram and answer the following questions.
1. Name the bacterium from which this vector is made?
2. What are the significances of ‘ori’ and ‘rop’ denoted in the picture?