Question 1
What are hybridisation states of each carbon atom in the following compounds ?
(i) CH₂=C=O,
(ii) CH₃CH=CH₂,
(iii) (CH₃)₂CO,
(iv) CH₂=CHCN,
(v) C₆H₆

Question 2
Indicate the σ and π bonds in the following molecules :
(i) C₆H₆,
(ii) C₆H₁₂,
(iii) CH₂Cl₂,
(iv) CH₂=C=CH₂,
(v) CH₃NO₂,
(vi) HCONHCH₃

Question 3
Write bond line formulas for : Isopropyl alcohol, 2,3-Dimethyl butanal, Heptan-4- one.

Question 4
Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds:

Question 5
Which of the following represents the correct IUPAC name for the compounds concerned?
(a) 2,2-Dimethylpentane or 2-Dimethylpentane
(b) 2,4,7-Trimethyloctane or 2,5,7-Trimethyloctane
(c) 2-Chloro-4-methylpentane or 4-Chloro-2-methylpentane
(d) But-3-yn-1-ol or But-4-ol-1-yne

Question 7
Give condensed and bond line structural formulas and identify the functional group(s) present, if any, for :
(a) 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
(b) 2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid
(c) Hexanedial

Question 8
Identify the functional groups in the following compounds

Question 9
Which of the two: OO₂NCH₂CH₂O-   or   CH₃CH₂O- is expected to be more stable and why?

Question 12
What are electrophiles and nucleophiles? Explain with examples.

Question 13
Identify the reagents shown in bold in the following equations as nucleophiles or electrophiles:
(a) CH₃COOH  +  HO^-  →   CH₃COO^- + H₂O
(b) CH₃COCH₃  +  C^-N  →  (CH₃)₂ C (CN) (OH)
(c) C₆H₅  +  CH₃C⁺O  →  C₆H₅COCH₃

Question 15
What is the relationship between the members of following pairs of structures? Are they structural or geometrical isomers or resonance contributors?
(a)

 
(b)

 
(c)

Question 17
Explain the terms Inductive and Electromeric effects. Which electron displacement effect explains the following correct orders of acidity of the carboxylic acids?
(a) Cl₃CCOOH > Cl₂CHCOOH > ClCH₂COOH
(b) CH₃CH₂COOH > (CH₃)₂CHCOOH > (CH₃)₃C.COOH

Question 20
What is the difference between distillation, distillation under reduced pressure and steam distillation ?

Question 25
Why is nitric acid added to sodium extract before adding silver nitrate for testing halogens?

Question 28
Explain, why an organic liquid vaporises at a temperature below its boiling point in its steam distillation?

Question 29
Will CCl₄ give white precipitate of AgCl on heating it with silver nitrate? Give reason for your answer.

Question 30
Why is a solution of potassium hydroxide used to absorb carbon dioxide evolved during the estimation of carbon present in an organic compound?

Question 31
Why is it necessary to use acetic acid and not sulphuric acid for acidification of sodium extract for testing sulphur by lead acetate test?

Question 36
In the organic compound CH₂ = CH – CH₂ – CH₂ – C ≡ CH, the pair of hydridised orbitals involved in the formation of: C₂ – C₃ bond is:
(a) sp – sp²
(b) sp – sp³
(c) sp² – sp³
(d) sp³ – sp³

Question 37
In the Lassaigne's test for nitrogen in an organic compound, the Prussian blue colour is obtained due to the formation of:
(a) Na4[Fe(CN)6]
(b) Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3
(c) Fe2[Fe(CN)6]
(d) Fe3[Fe(CN)6]4

Question 38
Which of the following carbocation is most stable ?

Question 39
The best and latest technique for isolation, purification and separation of organic compounds is:

Question 40
The reaction:
CH₃CH₂I + KOH(aq) → CH₃CH₂OH + KI
is classified as :