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Class 11
Physics :-NCERT Solutions - SYSTEM OF PARTICLES AND ROTATIONAL MOTION

Page No 180:
Question 7.26:
(a) Prove the theorem of perpendicular axes.
(Hint: Square of the distance of a point (x, y) in the x–y plane from an axis through the origin perpendicular to the plane is x+ y2).
(b) Prove the theorem of parallel axes.
(Hint: If the centre of mass is chosen to be the origin ).


Answer:

(a)The theorem of perpendicular axes states that the moment of inertia of a planar body (lamina) about an axis perpendicular to its plane is equal to the sum of its moments of inertia about two perpendicular axes concurrent with perpendicular axis and lying in the plane of the body.

A physical body with centre O and a point mass m,in the xy plane at (xy) is shown in the following figure.

Moment of inertia about x-axis, Ix = mx2

Moment of inertia about y-axis, Iy = my2

Moment of inertia about z-axis, Iz = 

Ix + Iy = mx2 + my2

m(x2 + y2)

(b)The theorem of parallel axes states that the moment of inertia of a body about any axis is equal to the sum of the moment of inertia of the body about a parallel axis passing through its centre of mass and the product of its mass and the square of the distance between the two parallel axes.

Suppose a rigid body is made up of n particles, having masses m1m2m3, … , mn, at perpendicular distances r1r2r3, … , rn respectively from the centre of mass O of the rigid body.

The moment of inertia about axis RS passing through the point O:

IRS = 

The perpendicular distance of mass mi, from the axis QP = a + ri

Hence, the moment of inertia about axis QP:

Now, at the centre of mass, the moment of inertia of all the particles about the axis passing through the centre of mass is zero, that is,


SET

NCERT Physics Class 11